The Mercedes-Benz W111 series, often affectionately known as the “fintail” or “Heckflosse” in German, marked a significant turning point for Daimler-Benz. Introduced in August 1959, this range of vehicles wasn’t just a stylistic departure; it was a leap forward in automotive safety and a testament to Mercedes-Benz’s engineering prowess. Replacing the earlier six-cylinder models 219, 220 S, and 220 SE, the W111 series, encompassing the 220b, 220Sb, and 220 SEb models, quickly established itself as a class of its own. The primary distinctions between these models lay in their engine configurations and trim levels, all while sharing a revolutionary body design and groundbreaking safety features.
The Dawn of the Fintail Design and Unprecedented Safety
The most striking feature of the Mercedes-Benz W111 was undoubtedly its body styling. The “fintails,” a nod to the American automotive design trends of the late 1950s, gave the car a distinctive and elegant silhouette. This design element not only defined the W111 but also lent its name to an entire generation of Mercedes-Benz vehicles. However, the W111 was far more than just a pretty face. It was a pioneer in passive safety, incorporating Béla Barényi’s patented safety cell concept for the first time in a production vehicle.
This innovative design featured a rigid passenger cell surrounded by crumple zones at the front and rear, designed to absorb impact energy and protect occupants in a collision. Safety considerations extended to the interior as well. The W111 boasted a padded dashboard, flexible and partially recessed controls, and a steering wheel with a padded hub. Even the door locks were newly designed to enhance occupant safety, demonstrating a holistic approach to vehicle safety that was revolutionary for its time.
Differentiating the 220 b, 220 Sb, and 220 SEb Models
While sharing the same fundamental body and safety architecture, the 220 b, 220 Sb, and 220 SEb models within the Mercedes-Benz W111 range were differentiated by subtle exterior styling cues and, most significantly, their engines. The 220 Sb and 220 SEb models were visually almost identical, setting themselves apart from the base 220 b through several chrome embellishments.
These included chrome trim on either side of the radiator grille, a chrome-plated air intake grille positioned ahead of the windscreen, and chrome wheel covers. The rear of the “S” models featured even more pronounced differences: a chrome strip above the rear window, decorative trim along the boot lid’s trailing edge, larger taillights with integrated license plate illumination, and additional quarter bumpers positioned between the taillights and the rear bumper. Finally, the tailfins themselves were adorned with decorative chrome strips along their upper edges and rear tips, adding a touch of luxury and distinction.
Engine and Chassis Enhancements
The engines powering the Mercedes-Benz W111 series were evolutions of their predecessors, refined for improved performance and efficiency. All three models were equipped with updated valve drives and steeper camshafts. The 220 b now featured two carburetors, while the fuel-injected engine of the 220 SEb was enhanced with straight intake pipes. These modifications resulted in modest but noticeable power increases of 4 and 5 horsepower, respectively.
The chassis and braking systems were largely carried over from the previous generation but with significant improvements to the wheel suspension. The subframe concept, a feature since the “ponton” Mercedes, was retained but redesigned with a simpler transverse bar and elastic frame floor linkages. The well-regarded single-joint swing axle was fitted with a horizontally mounted compensating spring above the pivot point, ensuring balanced axle load distribution. Relocating shock absorbers closer to the wheels enhanced vibration damping and improved accessibility for maintenance.
Braking and Transmission Upgrades During Production
Throughout its production run, the Mercedes-Benz W111 saw continuous improvements, particularly in braking technology. In April 1962, the 220 Sb and 220 SEb models were upgraded with front disc brakes – a significant advancement at the time. Subsequently, the 220 b also received front disc brakes and a power brake booster, which was previously an optional extra. Further enhancing safety, all three models were equipped with a dual-circuit braking system, providing a crucial backup in case of brake circuit failure.
Transmission options also evolved. Initially, the W111 models offered the “Hydrak” hydraulic automatic clutch, inherited from their predecessors, until early 1962. Mercedes-Benz then introduced its own newly developed, fully automatic transmission. Initially available only for the 220 SEb from April 1961, this 4-speed automatic transmission became available for the 220 b and 220 Sb in August 1962 as an optional extra. Unlike the Borg-Warner torque converter automatic used in larger Mercedes models, this in-house design utilized a hydraulic clutch, minimizing power loss and contributing to a more efficient driving experience.
The Luxurious Mercedes-Benz 300 SE (W112)
In August 1961, Mercedes-Benz expanded the W111 family with the introduction of the 300 SE (W112), a model that represented the pinnacle of luxury and technology within the “fintail” range. Visually similar to the 220 SEb, the 300 SE was distinguished by its more lavish chrome trim and a host of standard technical features. These included the 4-speed automatic transmission, power steering, and, most notably, air suspension – a first for Mercedes-Benz production cars. This air suspension system provided an unparalleled blend of sporty handling and ride comfort.
The 300 SE also featured further advancements in braking technology, being the first standard production Mercedes-Benz equipped with a dual-circuit brake system and disc brakes on all four wheels. Its 3-liter fuel-injected engine, derived from the 300 d, now featured a lighter alloy block, reducing weight by approximately 40 kg. Engine performance was further enhanced in January 1964 with increased compression and a larger Bosch injection pump, boosting output from 160 to 170 horsepower.
The 300 SE’s exterior was subtly more opulent than the 220 SEb, featuring a prominent chrome strip running along the side ribbing from the headlights to the taillights, chrome trim around the wheel arches, and a broad chrome strip below the doors. Discreet “300 SE” badges on the C-pillars completed the elegant look. Customers had the option to omit this extra chrome trim for a more understated appearance. A long-wheelbase version of the 300 SE was introduced in March 1963, offering increased rear passenger space and comfort.
The End of an Era and the Legacy of the Fintail
Production of the 2.2-liter and 3-liter “fintail” models concluded in July/August 1965, marking the end of the W111 and W112 era. The 220 Sb, 220 SEb, and 300 SE were replaced by the new generation 250 S, 250 SE, and 300 SE models. The 220 b was succeeded by the 230 S, which, while bearing a new name, was essentially an updated 220 Sb with a modified 2.3-liter engine producing 120 horsepower and featuring hydro-pneumatic self-leveling rear suspension. The 230 S continued in production until January 1968, with over 41,000 units built, including chassis for special bodies and an estate version known as the 230 S Universal, produced by IMA in Belgium.
In total, over 344,000 saloons and chassis of the Mercedes-Benz W111 and W112 series were produced between 1959 and 1968. The Mercedes-Benz W111 “fintail” series remains a significant chapter in automotive history, not only for its distinctive styling but, more importantly, for pioneering safety innovations that set new industry standards and continue to influence car design to this day. It stands as a testament to Mercedes-Benz’s commitment to engineering excellence, safety, and elegant design, solidifying its place as a true classic.
